RESEARCH / PRIMARY REFERENCES

Go to the source.

A focused reference index for the research and official documentation behind the evidence guides.

These are the primary research and documentation references used in the fieldnotes. Each source supports a specific idea identified in its article. The surrounding implementation guidance is a proposed approach, not a promise or endorsement from the cited organization.

Some references describe historical research. They should not be used to infer the current accuracy of a product or model. Check live documentation and evaluate your own workflow before implementing an integration.

Google Fact Check Tools API ↗

Official documentation for searching published fact checks and working with ClaimReview markup. Used to distinguish review retrieval from a new claim assessment.

Read the related fieldnote

FEVER: Fact Extraction and VERification ↗

The original research paper on claim verification against textual sources, with support, refutation, and insufficient-information labels. Used as a reference for separating claims from evidence.

Read the related fieldnote

W3C PROV overview ↗

A conceptual reference for provenance: the entities, activities, and people involved in producing information. Used to frame a proposed evidence-record design.

Read the related fieldnote

FActScore ↗

Research on fine-grained factual precision in long-form generation. Used for the concept of examining individual assertions rather than assuming an entire answer shares one factual status.

Read the related fieldnote

Crossref REST API ↗

Official documentation for scholarly metadata retrieval. Used for bibliographic identity and accuracy, distinct from a claim’s semantic support.

Read the related fieldnote

ALCE: Generating text with citations ↗

Research that evaluates fluency, correctness, and citation quality as separate dimensions. Used to frame an evidence-grounded answer workflow.

Read the related fieldnote

Snopes fact-check ratings ↗

The publisher’s explanation of its rating system and the importance of a specific claim statement. Used to preserve context when reading a published review.

Read the related fieldnote

Crossref Crossmark ↗

Official documentation on displaying scholarly content status and updates. Used for version and update checks, not as a guarantee of scientific quality.

Read the related fieldnote

Retraction Watch data in the Crossref API ↗

Crossref’s announcement describing Retraction Watch retractions and corrections in its REST API. Used as one discovery input for a proposed source-monitoring process.

Read the related fieldnote

NIST Generative AI Profile ↗

A cross-sectoral companion to the AI Risk Management Framework. Used as a reference for organizing questions about trustworthiness across an AI application.

Read the related fieldnote

Follow the claim. Find the evidence.

Go from a better question to a clearer evidence trail—one fieldnote at a time.

Explore the journal